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Holliday junction - translation to russian
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![The two pathways for [[homologous recombination]] in [[eukaryote]]s, showing the formation and resolution of Holliday junctions](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/HR schematic diagram.svg?width=200 "The two pathways for [[homologous recombination]] in [[eukaryote]]s, showing the formation and resolution of Holliday junctions")
![Schematic diagrams of the three base-stacking [[conformational isomer]]s of the Holliday junction. The two stacked conformers differ in which sets of two arms are bound by [[coaxial stacking]]: at left, the stacks are red–blue and cyan–magenta, while at right the stacks are red–cyan and blue–magenta. The bases nearest to the junction point determine which stacked isomer dominates.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Holliday junction stacking isomers.svg?width=200 "Schematic diagrams of the three base-stacking [[conformational isomer]]s of the Holliday junction. The two stacked conformers differ in which sets of two arms are bound by [[coaxial stacking]]: at left, the stacks are red–blue and cyan–magenta, while at right the stacks are red–cyan and blue–magenta. The bases nearest to the junction point determine which stacked isomer dominates.")
общая лексика
структура Холлидея
структура с перекрещивающимися целями
![loop]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CTA loop junction.jpg?width=200 "loop]].")
![Junction in track of [[Singapore LRT]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Track of Singapore LRT 002.jpg?width=200 "Junction in track of [[Singapore LRT]]")
![A [[double junction]] in [[Cardiff]], [[Wales]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cardiff Queen Street - view north - 02.jpg?width=200 "A [[double junction]] in [[Cardiff]], [[Wales]]")
![A junction in [[Baranowicze]], Poland, 1934 (since 1939 in [[Belarus]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Baranowicze WIG 1934.jpg?width=200 "A junction in [[Baranowicze]], Poland, 1934 (since 1939 in [[Belarus]])")
![Katni Junction]] in Madhya Pradesh, India](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/KatniJunctionMadhyaPradesh2010.jpg?width=200 "Katni Junction]] in Madhya Pradesh, India")
Definition
Wikipedia
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A Holliday junction is a branched nucleic acid structure that contains four double-stranded arms joined. These arms may adopt one of several conformations depending on buffer salt concentrations and the sequence of nucleobases closest to the junction. The structure is named after Robin Holliday, the molecular biologist who proposed its existence in 1964.
In biology, Holliday junctions are a key intermediate in many types of genetic recombination, as well as in double-strand break repair. These junctions usually have a symmetrical sequence and are thus mobile, meaning that the four individual arms may slide through the junction in a specific pattern that largely preserves base pairing. Additionally, four-arm junctions similar to Holliday junctions appear in some functional RNA molecules.
Immobile Holliday junctions, with asymmetrical sequences that lock the strands in a specific position, were artificially created by scientists to study their structure as a model for natural Holliday junctions. These junctions also later found use as basic structural building blocks in DNA nanotechnology, where multiple Holliday junctions can be combined into specific designed geometries that provide molecules with a high degree of structural rigidity.
